Jah Stitch: Original Ragga Muffin (1975-77)

Jah Stitch: Original Ragga Muffin (1975-77)
Blood & Fire, BAFCD010



"Original Ragga Muffin" is a collection of the tunes cut by foundation DJ Jah Stitch in the classic rockers/steppers period of the mid to late 70s, primarily for the near-ubiquitous kingpin producer Bunny Lee (many of whose riddims here were recut incredibly prolifically in the contemporary dancehalls), but also featuring 2 tunes cut for the equally legendary Vivian Jackson aka Yabby You.

The opening track, "Give Jah The Glory", is a recut of the riddim to Burning Spear's "Invasion" (aka "Wa Da Da"), on which another singer (possibly Ronnie Davis) makes a creditable attempt at covering the usually hard if not impossible to cover well Spear. Stitch chants devotion to Jah as well as judgement on Babylon over a typically Spear-style rolling horn riff and a very satisfying deep, dubby mix.

"African People (3 in 1)" is over Johnny Clarke's recut of the perennial classic "Declaration of Rights", in which Stitch takes as his starting point the words "Africa", "Zion" and "Ethiopia", deconstructing each letter by letter into a startling improvised sermon of symbology, one of the most inventive DJ tunes to come out of the roots period.

"Ragga Muffin Style" is Stitch's take on Horace Andy's anthemic "Money Money (The Root Of All Evil)", its sharp horn riff and rumbling rockers bassline mixed into raw dub deconstruction while the DJ's vocal is delivered in an almost hypnotically charged dread bass tone, affirming his authentic dread credentials as a "raggamuffin" (one of the first uses of the term "ragga") from the ghetto.

Horace's magnificent "Zion Gate" and Stitch's accompanying toast "Every Wicked Have To Crawl" are presented next as a nearly 7 minute long 12" discomix, with both singer and DJ masterfully riding one of Lee's deepest, heaviest roots riddims, with dread horns rolling like a river. Stitch riffs on Andy's Revelation-inspired message of warning against iniquity, proclaiming that "Righteousness shall stand for all who know that Satan kingdom got to fall" and chanting devotion to the "red, gold and green" over eerily floating snippets of a typically spellbinding "sleepy" vocal.

Next are 2 back-to-back toasts over Johnny Clarke's bass-heavy Bunny Lee-produced version of Bob Marley's much-versioned "Crazy Baldheads" - "Watch Your Step Youthman" following the lyrical theme of the original by calling down fiery judgement on gunmen and warmongers, while "Crazy Joe" re-uses the riddim for a playful attack on rival producer Joe Gibbs, branded here as a "follow fashion monkey" while Stitch and Lee are "the original foundation in dis ya record creation".

"No Dread Can't Dead" is a joyful, defiant proclamation of survival recorded following Stitch's recovery from a near-fatal shooting in 1976, with floating backing vocals and echoing percussion making this one of Bunny Lee's more complex and satisfying mixes. "Sinners Repent Your Soul" appears at first to be a return to stern Old Testament themes, over a rather more minimal mix of the Johnny Clarke song of the same name, but Stitch soon segues from the religious to the radical: "I and I don't want to be left behind in this poverty and frustration... must be a revolution". Repentance and revolution are elided together in a classic example of roots reggae's fusion of secular and spiritual radicalism.

"Judgement" is a version to Yabby You's mighty, apocalyptic "Judgement On The Land" (which can be found on the utterly essential BAF compilation "Jesus Dread"), with its thunderous bass perfectly complemented by righteous horns and ethereal flute, over which Stitch demands in uncompromising terms freedom "from all captivity", while "Militant Man" keeps up the heavy cultural vibes defending the true, righteous and militant Rasta against hypocrites and impostors over an appropriately martial steppers riddim, with nice echo on the piano and snare drums.

"Real Born African" takes another well known Johnny Clarke tune, "Roots Natty Congo", and elaborates on its theme of African diaspora identity, adding to it a conviction in divine guidance for the "chosen people", regardless of circumstances, with some Big Youth-style hollering and swirling synth effects, while "Cool Down Youthman" is yet another biblically styled warning to the youth to stay away from violence, with a Tubby's mix particularly heavy on the echo and reverb.

"African Queen" is the other Vivian Jackson produced track, focusing (atypically for the man known for being the epitome of dread eschatology) on the mellower side of the roots vibe, with a warm, celebratory affirmation of black feminine beauty, in which Stitch quotes Curtis Mayfield and The Last Poets over lazy, muted horns and keyboards.

The set closes with "King Of The Arena", a celebratory (in a different way) cut to the well-versioned classic riddim (one of the first to make Bunny Lee famous in the 70s dancehall landscape), mixing Rastafari themes with joyful sound system boasting, neatly showcasing in one tune the two sides of Stitch's toasting personality.

Very nicely packaged, with typical Blood & Fire photo-collage artwork, and interviews with Stitch himself giving his own story of the making of the tunes, this is a compilation that is sure to find favour with any fans of DJing in the classic 70s roots style. It also nicely complements B&F's first compilation, "If Deejay Was Your Trade", which features several more of Stitch's (alongside other DJs') tunes cut for Lee. Together, these 2 compilations make the ideal introduction to the great mid-70s Jamaican DJ explosion.

The Chantells & Friends - Children Of Jah 1977-79

The Chantells & Friends - Children Of Jah 1977-79
Blood & Fire CD BAF028



"Children of Jah" brings together some of the finest roots productions of Roy Francis, released on his Phase One label in the late 70s. While there are only 10 tracks here, unlike most Blood & Fire compilations, they are all 12" discomixes, and thus all well over 5 minutes (the longest reaching 8 minutes), meaning that this release is better value for money than that would imply, with over an hour of music here.

The harmony trio The Chantells, despite giving their name to the compilation (as perhaps the best-known act on it), only provide 3 tracks here, as opposed to 4 by the solo singer Lopez Walker, the first of which, "Children of Jah" is extended with its DJ cut, "Time To Unite" by U Brown. "Children of Jah" has sweet yet raw harmonies, somewhat reminiscent of Israel Vibration, but also of older "country style" groups such as the Maytones, the lyrics on the classic Rasta theme of survival of the righteous and innocent despite suffering and exploitation. U Brown picks up the theme and runs with it, and while his lyrics may be somewhat clichéd, his effortless delivery is still a pleasure to listen to, and the riddim is a warm and sweet head-nodder with a lazy Ansel Collins organ lick.

Lopez Walker (oddly often described as "Spear-style", despite a greater vocal similarity to someone like Prince Alla) delivers "Jah Jah New Garden" over a similarly warm and blissful, downtempo yet still powerful riddim, with passionate conviction in his voice aided by floaty piano and strong yet subtle echo in the dub portion of the tune.

Errol Davis's "Path I Have Taken" is a re-titled "Free Speech and Movement", originally by the Royals, combining liberation theology with condemnation of the "heathen", yet uplifting rather than doom-laden in tone, with a punchy horn riff and mellow, rolling guitar work. The dub contains nicely worked echoed vocal snippets along with reverb to keep the vibes mellow yet complex enough not to be dull.

"Assemble Not Thyself" by The Terrors, however, is one of the true highlights of this set, a beautifully anthemic piece of "country style" roots in which the relatively unknown vocal group bring the great Jamaican art of harmonising to one of its undisputable pinnacles. A stern lyrical warning against associating with "sinful people", laced with Biblical imagery of destruction, it nonetheless transcends its arguably conservative message to produce something genuinely moving and timelessly powerful which could as easily be seen as a slightly veiled astute observation of the inherent hypocrisy of "democratic" state politics. While less rich and multi-layered than Scratch's work on that album, the riddim is reminiscent in its ancient-feeling dignity combined with blissful transcendence of "The Heart Of The Congos", and the Terrors nearly equal that group in the beauty of their vocals. A track every reggae harmony fan needs to own.

Walker returns with "Send Another Moses", another cut to the same riddim as "Jah Jah New Garden", again on an Old Testament-inspired theme of repatriation, but this time calling for a revolutionary saviour in much more martial terms, "to whip them [the "heathen" again] with the rod of correction, to throw them in the pit of destruction". The dub is choppier and more kinetic than the first cut.

Steve Boswell & Jah Berry's vocal/DJ combination piece "Cool Rastaman Cool" is the most uptempo track here, with a propulsive, syncopated riddim (Sly Dunbar in "metronomic" style on drums), equally suited for head-nodding or energetic stepping, and a righteous lyric warning against deception and violence, accompanied by complementary solos on both guitar and piano. Berry's toast is in the tough late 70s style which foreshadowed the transition from roots to dancehall, punctuated by charismatic whoops and yelps, and keeping on going for a full 4 minutes, equal in length to the vocal.

The Chantells return with "Desperate Time" (re-using the riddim from their previous lovers hit "Waiting In The Park"), the sweet riddim combining with the stark lyric to produce a tune which manages to uplift while testifying to harsh, bitter reality. Franklin "Bubbler" Waul's fluid, tinkling piano is showcased on the lazy, mellow dub.

Lopez Walker's "Trial Days" has a similar message of injustice and suffering, combined with wry proverbial condemnation of the oppressors who punish without thought: "the horse who gallop on the track no care what him back foot say". Again the depressing tone of the lyrics is mitigated by the sweetness and warmth of the music and the subdued yet blissful feel of the mixing.

The Chantells' last tune, "Natty Supper", is the other highlight of this set, a powerful, passionate testimony of community and celebration as resistance, and of the divine power to be found in the natural cycles of growth and life, providing a bounty of food for all; an ethos deeply rooted in the understanding that food and therefore agriculture is essential to human life, and, despite the obfuscations of politics and economics, the only true key to survival. Anthemic horns and an inspired dub mix drenched with swirling reverb and echo confirm this tune's status as a roots classic (and probably one of the best tunes possible to cook or serve a meal to).

"Fly Away", Lopez Walker's final track, is the only one in which his vocal style is in any way similar to or imitative of Burning Spear, but he still does not sound like a Winston Rodney copyist, just someone using the same kind of rootsy, semi-improvisatory vibe. The wistful lyric again draws on the concept of a transcendent "promised land", far beyond everyday sorrows, and is complemented by a bluesy guitar and another laid-back, head-swaying riddim.

Like 129 Beat Street, this compilation profiles artists who are relatively unknown (at least outside serious reggae collector circles), but entirely comprises top-quality, sophisticated yet authentic roots to rival anything by more familiar artists. Another compilation which, while perhaps likely to be overlooked due to its lack of a "big name" and its short number of tracks, is certain not to disappoint fans of classic 70s roots and harmony.

Junior Byles & Friends - 129 Beat Street: Ja-Man Special 75-78

Junior Byles & Friends - 129 Beat Street: Ja-Man Special 75-78
Blood & Fire CD BAF023



This Blood & Fire collection brings together some of the crucial, yet relatively obscure, deep roots music released by Dudley "Manzie" Swaby on the Ja-Man label, which, while perhaps lesser known than that from "big-name" producers of the same time period such as Lee Perry, Augustus Pablo or Yabby You, is easily in the same rank as deep, uncompromising yet complex and sophisticated roots music. While there are only 11 tracks here, fewer than on most BAF releases, the majority of them are extended versions made from the vocal and dub sides of original 7"es.

The first 4 tracks are by all voiced by Junior Byles (hence the title credit, although arguably it really ought to be "Manzie & Friends"), who was already well known for his work with Perry, but 2 are in duet with the much lesser known Rupert Reid. "Chant Down Babylon" opens the set with its tough, propulsive riddim and somewhat stereotypical, but passionately delivered, rootsy lyric. There is a nice piano lick and the dub portion emphasises the hardness of the bassline and steppers drum pattern while keeping in a few vocal snippets. (It would have been nice to hear a DJ version of this tune, as the riddim feels especially suited to it.)

Byles's 2 solo tunes which follow are also solid roots, but somewhat mellower; "Know Where You're Going" having a triumphantly celebratory Rastafari lyric and sweetly harmonising backing vocals (and again Ansell Collins's piano expertise in evidence), while "Pitchy-Patchy", with its wryly off-key guitar and syncopated hand percussion, is similarly devotional in the face of suffering and opposition to Rasta. Both showcase the soulful, gospel-influenced side of Byles's expressive voice.

The second Byles/Reid duet, "Remember Me", is probably the deepest roots tune on this set, with a heavy, cyclical-feeling riddim, clashing yet muted cymbals and a powerful, sparing yet insistent piano riff, underpinning a vocal delivered with majestic conviction and a devotional yet apocalyptic lyric reminiscent of the best later 70s work of Yabby You: "Mighty archangels stood right there before I, coming for to carry I away... remember me, when you reach Mount Zion high". The dub uses echo and reverb, judiciously rather than excessively, and a solo from Ansell to further enhance the powerful, righteous dread vibes: a true heavy roots classic.

Reid's solo tune, "See The Dread Deh", is lighter in tone, yet still dread, with playful, joyous horns and a fragile yet assured vocal, somewhat reminiscent of Eric Donaldson.; theistic devotion along with celebration of the cultural visibility of Rastafari again being the lyrical theme. The dub is a particularly nice one, masterfully showcasing each horn part as well as the percussion, with a swirling, echoing feel similar to, yet distinct from, both King Tubby's and Black Ark era Lee Perry's mixing; according to the sleeve notes, it was originally the B side to a Jah Woosh DJ cut, sadly not presented here, to the same riddim.

Pablo Moses's "One People" is another highlight with a dark, brooding deep roots vibe nicely counterpointing the poignant yet optimistic unity lyric, soaked in the same feeling of heartfelt spiritual devotion as most of the material on this compilation. "Be not misled by false prophecy... till we meet in the Promised Land, may Jah hold you in the palm of His hand". Lloyd Parks's heavy, grindstone bass is to the fore in the dub, echoed drumbeats resounding as if in a deep abyss.

Bim Sherman delivers "Mighty Ruler" over a re-cut of the Heptones' Studio One classic lovers tune "Tripe Girl", once again passionately defending the Rastafari movement against its detractors: "men of your type, get out of my sight, you don't know how to unite, you only know to fuss and fight". Collins is on organ instead of piano here, his sweet-sounding riffs perfectly complementing the rolling, head-nodding bassline, with a seamless transition into warm, deep dub that - like most of the extended versions here - makes the vocal and version feel like they were originally intended as a single piece, as for a 12" rather than a 7".

Dave Robinson's "My Homeland", another tune with a warm, joyful horn section, is a poignant repatriation lyric delivered in a style very reminiscent of Dennis Brown's contemporary self-productions: another righteous yet smile-inducing head-nodder, with a strong feeling of depth and interplay between the instruments. The dub again shows Manzie's masterly yet subtle mixing technique. "Wild Goose Race", a very much old school style DJ piece by Brigadier Jerry, is slight yet nice, with some very pleasing dubbing and percussion behind a laconic delivery.

"See A Man's Face", a cover of the Horace Andy tune by Neville Tate, has a powerful uptempo roots feel to complement his vocal, which, while not bearing a particularly close resemblance to Andy's in tone, has the unmistakeable mark of his influence in it, as well as in the structure of the lyric, a pertinent warning against falseness and hypocrisy., advising the listener that appearances are deceptive and things are not always what they seem. The closing track is another DJ track, "So Long" by U Brown, which incorporates elements of horns, percussion and piano into a richly satisfying backing for his effortless flow and well-trodden yet perennial repatriation lyric.

The whole of this set is, while perhaps somewhat one-note lyrically, archetypal roots music of the late 70s period, combining righteousness with subtlety and sophistication in musical construction, and while relatively little-known to those outside the serious roots fanatic scene, will be enjoyable to anyone who likes music of that era. The sleeve notes are well-designed and extensive (as with all of Blood & Fire's releases), with my one criticism being the rather frustrating references to tunes and versions not on this set, at least some of which could have been included given its running time of only 52 minutes. While the label seems, unfortunately, to be on a possibly permanent hiatus, if you are a roots fan find this compilation second hand and buy without hesitation!

Horace Andy: In The Light/In The Light Dub

Horace Andy: In The Light/In The Light Dub
Blood & Fire CD BAFCD006



"In The Light/In The Light Dub", dating originally from 1977, is a US/Jamaican collaboration between the legendary, unearthly-voiced Horace "Sleepy" Andy (who prior to this album had been mostly a singles artist) and New York-based producer Everton DaSilva, using mostly JA musicians but aimed at least partly at a NY audience, presented here by leading UK reissue label Blood & Fire with the vocal and corresponding dub albums together on one CD.

"In The Light" opens with one of Andy's best known hits, "Do You Love My Music", a rousing celebration of the power of reggae music accompanied by punchy horns and a virtuoso, rock-styled guitar solo by Andy Bashford (reminiscent of the likes of Hendrix or Santana). In retaining and celebrating the spirit of prime Jamaican roots while adding a noticeable dose of US influence, it nicely prefigures the vibe of the album.

The following track, "Hey There Woman", is perhaps a little over-similar to that preceding it, and due to its rather slight lyric is thus nice but forgettable; nonetheless, it has first-class musicianship, and the best is yet to come...

"Government Land" (aka "Government Man") is one of the heaviest of all Horace's roots tunes (and one of his personal favourites, according to interviews), a passionate condemnation of the enclosure of land with a resounding anarchist message delivered n typical spine-tinglingly unearthly style: "How long can you keep up this, government man? You know you can't fool wise man, you will run away in the end". The horns flow like a mighty river and add to this tune's majesty. An all time classic.

"Leave Rasta" is much lighter in tone, despite its serious anti-persecution lyric, with its joyful vocals and bouncy riddim., but it's light without being lightweight. "Fever", a reworking of an earlier version recorded for Studio One, is also a lighter moment, and has the somewhat tinny, synth-dominated sound of a lot of New York reggae, something that is often a bit of a turn-off for fans of heavier JA roots; nevertheless, the style fits well with Sleepy's voice, even if it adds little to the original version.

The title track "In The Light" is another example of a light and airy tune with a rootsy Rasta message, testifying to childhood miseducation and misconceptions about African history and Rastafari. Again synths are dominant, but the bass is warm and live and Horace's voice has its trademark ecstatic quality.

"Problems" is a welcome return to deeper, darker roots territory, riding a captivating version of the "Mr Bassie" riddim, with a high-pitched yet foreboding synth taking the role of the melodica. "Everyone got problems, who will solve them?" "If I" keeps the mood with probably the darkest and bass-heaviest riddim on the set, grinding bass and reverberating percussion underpinning a darkly testimonial lyric about the lies taught by the Babylon system and the need to overcome such false teachings that recalls early Black Uhuru: another heavy roots classic to nearly equal "Government Land".

"Collie Herb" is another laid-back, blissful-sounding tune with a lot of synth and a bouncy vibe, extolling the praises of a well-known sacred plant in terms that are well-trodden but perennially (like the plant itself) popular. "Men fight against it cause it give us wisdom and overstanding, men fight against it because when we smoke it we deal with peace".

The closing track, "Rome", is another of the highlights of this set and another of Horace's highest-ranking roots classics: a powerful, poignant repatriation lament (yet generalisable to a critique of the whole of industrialised society), with the man's vocals at their sweetest and most yearning, dreaming of a utopia "where the air is fresh and clean, far from all these polluted cities". Understated guitar and melancholy melodica add to the tune's anthemic status, and let the album close on a fittingly elegiac note.

While the vocal set has a noticeable tension between the deeper, heavier roots tracks with live horns and the lighter, happier tunes with a very strong NY synth sound, "In The Light Dub", mixed by Prince Jammy, in fact comes across as a much more cohesive set, with Jammy's (soon to become King) bass-heavy mixing seeking out the unifying rather than the dividing elements of the individual songs. Much of the top end is stripped away, while judicially applied doses of echo and reverb, in a seamless updating of the classic Tubby's style, retain the sweetness of the arrangements while adding thunderous resonance. The result is that an album that could seem rather "bitty" with the vocals alone becomes much more of a fully coherent whole with the addition of the dubs.

Particular highlights include the especially masterful use of reverb for dread ambience in "Government Dub", "Dub The Light"'s transformation from "light" to "heavy" by means of the same reverberating power, and the all-out bass assault of "I&I" (the dub to "If I"), surely one of the heaviest, most uncompromising "classic style" dubs of all time; however, even a relatively dull track like "Hey There Woman" is turned into something arguably more satisfying than the original, and the whole set is probably one of the few dub albums to stand not just as an accompaniment to its vocal counterpart but as a fully satisfying work in its own right.

While a slight departure from much of the rest of their output, this is yet another essential release of classic 70s roots from Blood & Fire Records, and a very good intro both to the works of Horace Andy as a whole (although purists might argue it should be second to his Studio One output and/or his mid-70s work for Bunny Lee) and to the emerging New York roots scene of the late 70s (which later evolved into the Wackies and later digital sounds). Exercise a little caution for a few of the "lighter" vocal tracks if you like it dark, but purchase without hesitation for several uncontrovertible, transcendently heavy roots classics.

Sylford Walker & Welton Irie - Lamb's Bread International

Sylford Walker & Welton Irie
Lamb's Bread International ( Blood & Fire BAFCD033)



Re-released in 2000 by Blood & Fire Records, this is the original "Lamb's Bread" album by Sylford Walker plus corresponding DJ cuts by Welton Irie, all produced by Glen Brown and released as singles between 1978 and 1982, and it's classic late 70s style, just-pre-dancehall-era roots music with tough horns, heavy basslines and powerful vocals to rank alongside anything from Lee Perry, Bunny Lee or Yabby You of the same period. Lyrically it's a mixture of some deeply dread reality reasoning and the slightly strange and random, with first class DJing by Welton Irie adding commentary both deep and humorous which riffs on the original vocals, snippets of which are preserved throughout the dub tracks that he toasts over, making this one IMO one of Blood & Fire's most solid releases.

The opening cut "Give Thanks & Praise" on the Dirty Harry riddim is oddly cut short at only 2 min 11, but Welton's version "Rolling Stone" is full single length, and emphasises the heavy heavy "Dirty Harry" bassline. "Lamb's Bread" is a righteous herb defence tune, with Welton continuing the theme telling of the "little dread by the name of Fred", ghetto reality tale of imprisonment for selling herb. There follow 4 cuts on the truly mighty "Cleanliness Is Godliness" riddim, a crazy, supercharged steppers with an irresistibly catchy horn riff - simultaneously as wacky as anything from the Ark and as apocalyptically heavy as anything from Yabby You - the former aspect being emphasised on the frankly odd "Cleanliness Is Godliness" itself (with Sylford singing about "bits of paper littering the ground", altho i guess you could work it vaguely into the environmental reasoning of several tracks on this album) and the mildly slack "Stone A Throw", and the latter on the magnificently dread "Babylonians" and "Jah Come", the latter with some of the dreadest lines of any Dj tune: "If New York should get a tidal wave/slave master would haffi let go every slave/and then we woulda know the good, the bad and the brave/and all grave digger woulda dig a lot a grave/say many are called but few chosen/cah some a dem a wolf in a sheep clothing" (shades of 9/11 and Hurricane Katrina)... "can't go to Zion with your carnal mind/your carnal mind you better leave that behind/can't go to Zion in a Land Rover/it a go lick and turn over"... straight to the American head!

"My Father's Home Land" is a typical, mellow repatriation tune, while the well known club steppers anthem "Deuteronomy" is a slightly odd recitation of books of the Old Testament, with its DJ version "Black Man Get Up Tan Up Pon Foot" another call to arms for repatriation. "Eternal Day" is another judgement lyric on a more downtempo riddim ("Forward The Good"), but the closing pair of tunes on the "Slaving" riddim, "Chant Down Babylon" and "Ghetto Man Corner" are the set's other true high point, with Sylford invoking the creative/destructive power of music-as-gnosis to literally knock down the walls of oppression and Welton again providing hardcore lyrical reasoning, effortlessly fusing testimony of ghetto living with environmental critique: "Long time I an I down here a suffer/cause in this land of wood and water/all I see is car and manslaughter/so nice up the ghettoman corner"... another blazing tune to match the likes of Yabby You's "King Pharoah's Plague" for both bass and horn musical power and social-ecologist lyrical eschatology...

All in all this is one of the heaviest late roots period albums out there, and enhanced immeasurably by the addition of the perfectly complementary DJ cuts to 6 of its original 8 tracks and the extended versions of the other 2, weighing in at over an hour of crucial music. No lover of bass-heavy, politically conscious late 70s roots should be without this... to quote the title track, "Dis ya one yah never do no one no wrong!"

Ranking Joe - Zion High

Ranking Joe
Zion High (with Black Uhuru, Dennis Brown)
Blood & Fire BAFCD043



This release is a kind of a companion piece to Blood & Fire's earlier Dennis Brown CD "Promised Land", consisting mainly of Ranking Joe's versions to the same riddims, with a few other Dennis Brown produced tracks thrown in. As such it perfectly represents Joe's massively influential "bong-diddley" DJ style at the moment when heavy sound system roots was just evolving into the beginnings of dancehall.

The CD opens with "Zion High", a version of Dennis's "Home Sweet Home", followed by the dub of the same tune. Ranking Joe takes a simple repatriation tune and transforms it into the first of several of his trademark mind-boggling lyrical workouts, effortlessly freestyling so many rhymes in one breath that it leaves even the listener breathless. The dub is minimal but showcases Brown's strength as a producer as well as legendary vocalist. "Fire" is likewise a version of "Well Without Water" from the same album, Joe gleefully throwing nonsense rhymes into the mix while testifying of the fate of Babylon while losing none of his impact due to the amazing power of this, like so much roots music, to speak of death and destruction while imparting an unshakeable feeling of righteous joy, even delight at the fall of the downpressor and ultimate victory of those who survive and strive for freedom.

The mood is continued with "Bubbling Fountain", an impassioned Dennis Brown vocal not previously released on any album, which does not disappoint with its uptempo bubbling riddim, wild jazzy horns and of course Dennis's impassioned vocal. "Love Jah" its version again showcases Joe's unstoppable mic skills (despite its relatively unedifying Haile Selassie praising lyric). The mood is lightened on "Round The World", a track not corresponding to any identified vocal, with its mellow rockers vibe and soaring saxophone.

"Rent Man" and "Wood For My Fire" are two heavy Black Uhuru tracks, with BU as always sounding like no one else. "Rent Man" passionately chants down parasitical landlords: "You won't get no money for this bad living...", while Joe reclaims the right to live free from exploitation with dread conviction: "Natty dread a the owner fi him yard", a message with heavy resonance in this time when communities like St Agnes Place are being brutally evicted by the forces of Babylon. "Wood For My Fire" (whose bassline is very similar to the Wailing Souls' "Bredda Gravilicous") is likewise a passionate testimony of survival through poverty brought about by economic brutality: "The sun should be shining, but it don't shine no more/Because of wicked men and people/Who make Jah children eat from the rubbish bag...", while Joe's version "Sufferers Skank" is one of his heaviest, chatting pure reality... tunes to rock the squat party and the protest camp! Between them is "Carpenter", a joyful tribute to the struggles of all working class people whose labour contributes to positive livity (again, i'm not sure what the original vocal is, tho it's not Dennis Brown...)

Finishing off the album are two tunes already released on the "Promised Land" CD, "A Cup Of Tea" and "Slave Driver", and their versions (i'm not sure if the vocals are actually the same versions as on "Promised Land" or alternate versions - the track times are slightly different, but they don't sound particularly distinct from the "Promised Land" versions...), preaching different parts of the same message, of mutual aid in its simplest and earthiest form (even if the killing and eating of fish is morally questionable, the resonance of food as community stands up to any analysis well enough!), and of defamation and judgement by fire to all perpetrators of human exploitation, combined with a heartfelt testimony to African diaspora history over a rumbling steppers reworking of the Marley-written anti-capitalist anthem.

This set is essential and needs to be purchased alongside its sister release "The Promised Land" (which is BAFCD039). Together they capture a crucial moment in the evolution of both the musical (from 70s rockers and steppers to darker, "bubbling" 80s righteous dancehall) and lyrical (from more otherworldly/cultural/spiritual to earthy, immediate ghetto-political) consciousness of reggae music. More fire!

Various - If Deejay Was Your Trade

Various Artists
If Deejay Was Your Trade: The Dreads At King Tubby's 1974-1977 ( Blood & Fire, BAFCD001)

This was the first release on the seminal Blood & Fire label, and laid the groundwork for many of their other releases, including full-CD compilations of several of the artists featured on this set. It's a compilation of tracks by various old school DJs over mostly Bunny Lee riddims at King Tubby's studio, and showcases the versatility of the original DJ style.

First up, appropriately for a tune based on such a cornerstone of reggae, is Big Joe's "In The Ghetto", over a deadly, thunderous version of Bunny Lee's cut of "Satta Massagana" (i believe the vocal is from Johnny Clarke). Joe chats solidarity in the face of sufferation in a blistering celebration of sound system culture. Next is I Roy's equally heavy "War and Friction", a heartfelt anti-violence plea over Yabby You and Tommy McCook's meditatively dread "Death Trap" instrumental, with dark clashing cymbals and snippets of McCook's trumpet sounding almost like a melodica: crucial!

Little Joe's "Tradition Skank" (i'm not sure if this is the same Little Joe who later became Ranking Joe) is a repatriation lyric over a joyful recut of Burning Spear's "Tradition", while Tappa Zukie's "Jah Is I Guiding Star" is a version of the Horace Andy tune of the same name, taking a distinctly darker tone with his biblical-meets-blaxploitation lyrics reminiscent of The Last Poets ("automatic people with remote control" deriving, possibly via Big Youth, from "Mean Machine"'s refrain of "automatic push button, remote control") and typical strained, almost gasping delivery.

Most of the remainder of the tunes are less memorable and arguably not so heavy as those first 4, but still all feature nicely dubbed examples of Bunny Lee's hit formula of riddims, and varied lyrics ranging from the boastful to the biblical to playful interpretations of proverbs and nonsense or nursery rhymes. "The Barber Feel It" and "Bury The Barber", continue the long and surreal saga of mid 70s tunes attacking barbers for cutting off dreadlocks and spinning out extended stories of victory over them (also to be seen on many other tunes, such as "I Shot The Barber" on Dr Alimantado's "Best Dressed Chicken In Town" album), while Jah Stitch's "Greedy Girl" arguably lowers the tone slightly with its retread of the possibly misogynistic, or at least cynical, "Shine Eye Gal" lyric over Horace Andy's "Don't Try To Use Me".

The album is finished off with the 70s DJ scene's two "Princes", Prince Jazzbo, who hits back in his battle lyrics against I Roy by accusing him, rather surreally if not misogynistically, of being a "gal boy" and "not sure if you are a man or a woman" (this strange accusation of transgenderism accompanied by half-deranged laughter), then rather more consciously chatting herb lyrics and ghetto memories over a very mellow, head-nodding Treasure Isle recut riddim, and the indestructibly dread Prince Far I, who bookends the album with a track as heavy as the one that started it, another version of "Deck of Cards" (retitled "Shuffle & Deal") over a hallucinatory dread riddim with powerful tension-building piano and guitar snippets (possibly produced by Linval Thompson rather than Bunny Lee).

The packaging is slightly crude compared to later Blood & Fire releases (tho still way ahead of most reggae reissue labels) and certain information may not be perfect (all tracks are credited as Bunny Lee productions, despite the I Roy track being a well known Yabby You riddim), but this is still a nice and easily recommended collection of original deejay style. These guys could rip the mic long before hip hop culture had been dreamed of...